Seems like even if you just repaint that ~30x30 pixels widget, the whole window surface ends up being updated.
That’s why I suspect the window compositor also may have some influence here, like search for “Mutter 4k” on Phoronix and see how many performance issues Gnome had adressed in the last 2 years (after downplaying any such issues for like 5 years But KDE/KWin also is slowly accepting that some more fundamental changes are due after the “KWinFT” fork…)
But it could also be in Qt’s own window compositng, I don’t know much about it either.