Your right, I tried version 5.0 and there it works, it even shows “Pattern” in the tool options docker after selecting it with the Select Shape tool,
however thers no corresponding option that could be selected. The available options are None, Fill, Gradient and Mesh Gradient. Selecting any of them removes the pattern with no way to get it back. So I’m pretty sure now it’s actually a bug that you can’t have a pattern fill anymore and additionally the option is missing (in v 5.0 already) to set the fill to pattern, with the Select Shape tool.
So I guess we actually have two bugs at once here. The fill not happening like before and the UI (still) missing the option.
Edit: I wrote Edit Shapes tool before but I actually meant the Select Shape tool